Analytical and Finite Element Stress Analysis of Pressure Vessels under Constant and Cyclic Loading
Anwar
Kandil
Professor, Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
author
Mahmoud
El-shenawy
Mechanical Engineer
author
Ali
El-Baghdady
Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design,
Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
Pressure vessels are wildly used in many fields, such as chemical, petroleum, military industries as well as in nuclearpower plants. Pressure vessels should be designed with great care because rupture of pressure vessel may causecatastrophic accident. The common problem to the pressure vessel's designer is the accurate evaluation of stresses dueto the applied mechanical and /or thermal loads. The finite element method FEM is one of the numerical stressanalysis for many subjects. In this paper a complete stress analysis through the wall of pressure vessel under the effectof constant and cyclic loading is presented. Hoop, radial, axial and effective stresses for cylindrical pressure vesselshave been evaluated analytically as well as using the program package ANSYS as a numerica l finite element method. Acomparison between the analytical and numerical solution is presented, and it is found a good agreement between them
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
1
11
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_46917_9297d89da1a9615d56eb92d7b099f00a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.46917
Technical Feasibility Study of Using Low Carbon Steel pipes in Natural Gas Pipeline Installations in the Egyptian Coastal Areas “Port Said and Alexandria”
Wail
Gowayed
Project manager, Egypt gas co., Ismailia customer service, Egypt
author
Shaaban
Abdou
Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design,
Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt
author
M
Fouda
Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design,
Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt
author
M
Samy
author
text
article
2013
eng
The aim of this study is to carry out a feasibility study for the use of four different types of steel pipelines to achievethe best type to be used for Natural Gas installat ions in the Egyptian coastal areas. Steel pipes that use in this purposehas exposed to different experimental tasks such as; morphology, hardness, machinability, bending, static pressure andcorrosion behaviour. The results according to the technical feasibility study indicate that the Coru’s pipe, El-Nasr’spipes and the Crane’s pipes can be satisfactorily used in Egyptian coastal areas respectively. The El-Nasr’s pipes gavegood properties and best cost compared to the Coru’s pipes. In same time more acceptable instead to the otherinvestigated types in the Egyptian coastal areas
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
11
17
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_46920_c6d82afbfce3b3a991d2c7f5d44016aa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.46920
Flow Field and Combustion Characteristics of Natural Gas inside a Gas Turbine Combustor
Ibrahim
Abdel-Rahman
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Shaaban
Mechanical Power Engineering, Port Said University
author
Mohamed
Shehata
Mechanical Power Engineering, Port Said University
author
Tharwat
Farag
Mechanical Power Engineering, Port Said University
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present work is numerical simulat ion results from the modeling of a non-premixed natural gas flame performedin a combustor model. CFD studies using FLUENT code were carried out for different air swirl numbers and inletthermal load with constant A/F. The isothermal flow field was simulated using (SST) k-ω turbulence model and thereacting flow was simulated by the non-premixed combustion model with the P-1 radiation model available in thecomputational fluid dynamics package Fluent 6.3. The model geometry was created and meshing arrangement wasgenerated using Gambit pre-processing software. The domain of the model was based on the dimension of thecombustor and burners. The case studied is a cylindrical enclosure of 0.1 m radius and 1.0 m length. Two reactantstreams emerge from two separate coaxial jets producing a swirling diffusion flame. The natural gas is issued axiallyinto the combustor from the annulus area between the swirler outer diameter and the burner hub diameter whereas thecombustion air is introduced through an annular swirler having uniform swirl vanes. The results show a reasonableagreement of the measured and the calculated reverse flow zone sizes using the shear stress transport (SST) k -ω model.The boundary of the reverse flow zone for weak air swirl number of 0.5 is formed completely inside the combustor withclosed loop, while for air swirl numbers of 0.87 and 1.5 the boundaries fill the combustor and its size increased as theair swirl number increased. Increasing the air swirl number, the high temperature regions size, the flame length, and theCO2 and CO concentrations decreased while the O2 concentration increased. Increasing the thermal load, the hightemperature regions size, the flame length, CO2 and CO concentrations increased, while the O2 concentration decreased.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
18
29
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_46922_b5a99e4c4b3a86fce19e8f764562417a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.46922
Effect of Opposed Lateral and Vertical Eccentricity on Free Convection in an Elliptical Annulus Enclosure in Blunt and Slender Orientations
I
Eid
Mechanical Department, Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez
University, Egypt
author
A
Halim
author
S
Easa
author
text
article
2013
eng
This paper presents an investigation for the effect of opposed lateral and vertical eccentricity on free convection in anelliptical annulus enclosure in blunt and slender orientations. Three test specimens of elliptical cylinders having anequal radius ratio and an equal length were prepared for this purpose. The outer surface area of the inner ellipticalcylinder is the same for each specimen as well as the area of the inner surface of the outer elliptical cylinder for eachspecimen. Different elliptical rat ios of 0.662, 0.866 and 0.968 were investigated. The specimens were cut using thecomputed numerically controlled wire -cut machining. Experimental tests were done by maintaining constant heat fluxon the inner cylinder and the outer one was exposed to approximately constant temperature of the closed laboratory.Both annuals ends of the annular elliptical cylinders were closed by cork to form the annular enclosure space. Th eexperimental tests scanned the modified Rayleigh number (1.642×103 ≤ Ra* ≤3.849×106). The effects of the opposedvertical eccentricity, opposed lateral eccentricity on free convection for both blunt and slender orientation wereinvestigated. Empirical correlations were deduced within an acceptable uncertainty for the experimental results.Compatible and satisfactory to the conscience agreement was found in a comparison among the results of present andprevious works. In the vision of the comparison, it was found that; the convective heat transfer for the opposed verticaleccentricity is greater than the convective heat transfer for the lateral opposed eccentricity in slender orientation byabout 40% from concentric. The convective heat transfer for the opposed lateral eccentricity is greater than theconvective heat transfer for the vertical opposed eccentricity in blunt orientation by about 30% from concentric. Slenderorientation offers about 50% enhancement in free convection than the blunt situation for the same elliptical rat io.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
30
40
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_46926_947494e2b4b03463aff72e48fcd5c75d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.46926
TUROCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE MODEL WITH DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE BASED ON SIMULATION
Eslam
Baraya
Operation and maintenance in Dredging Department, cutter suctions
Dredger Mashour, Suez Canal Authority, Ismailia, Egypt.
author
G
Mousa
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Shaban
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
This paper presents a detailed mathematical model of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine 8M 453C MAK of cutter suctiondredger mashour and its governor set in the Suez Canal authority. The developed mathematical model is then employedto investigate the system performances both in steady state and transient. The simulation results are checked and themodel is verified using experimental data in case of steady state condition. Simulation runs in order to examine thediesel engine behavior in a variety of operating conditions. Various control scenarios for improved engine operation andefficient running closer to MCR under varies load conditions are investigated. The analysis of the results is establishedto show features of model and is defined safe operating conditions, in particular those of the turbocharging system. Theanalyses and the model can be used in finding better design characteristics and in expert operating systems which cananalyse different conditions of the system and offer optimum operating conditions in order to prevent unwantedoccurrences. By the aid of MATLAB/SIMULINK, the model is running out and the components library has created.The main conclusive points from the simulation model that it shows that the main reason for exhaust gas temperatureincrease is the reduction of air mass flow rate through the engine. Also it is found that air cooler, exhaust port andexhaust duct and turbine inlet flow area reduction affect on the exhaust gas temperature level
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
41
51
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_46929_768668cd15f3a7e6681f98f8dc83bef2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.46929
Experimental Study for Using Ice in Air Conditioning to Reduce Peak Loads
E
Eid
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Faculty of Industrial
Education, Suez University, Egypt
author
Tarek
Omara
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Faculty of Industrial
Education, Suez University, Egypt
author
A
Omar
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Faculty of Industrial
Education, Suez University, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
This paper provides an experimental debate about using ice in air cooling to reduce peak loads resulting from airconditioning. Three copper helical coils having the same surface area were used in the present work. The coils diameters are5, 7 and 10 mm, coils lengths are 4.50, 3.22 and 2.26 m respectively. The three coils are have the same pitch circle diameterand different number of turns. Warm air have a temperature ranging from 40°C to 60°C was fed inside the coils immersedin slurry ice hours. The air flow rate was changed from 0.0008 to 0.0065 kg/s. The effects of Reynolds number and coildiameter on heat transfer characteristics were investigated. The results provided that Nusselt number, Nu, increases with theincrease of Reynolds number for small tube diameter coil. Empirical correlations were found for both heat transfer andpressure drop as dimensionless groups in the range of experimental investigation
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
54
63
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50568_b27780221bba6f8f2b5087b3d37f5cde.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50568
Effect of Secondary Air Inlet Ports Arrangement on N.G. Flame Combustion Characteristics
Hamada
Gad
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Port-Said University, Egypt.
author
text
article
2013
eng
The aim of the present work is to investigate theoretically the secondary air ports arrangement on the NG flamecombustion characteristics. The normal secondary air was introduced into the combustion chamber through its first halflength. Nine different port arrangements are discussed. There are three levels (vertical heights) groups. They are four, eigh tand sixteen levels so that first level of each group starts at 100 mm that equals 10% of the combustor len gth. Each grouplevel has four, eight and sixteen ports. Therefore the number of total ports per level is varied from 16 (four levels with fo urports) to 256 (16 levels with sixteen ports) ports. A theoretical model was used to study the different arrangements. Themodel consists of a vertical combustor with an air swirler, primary air line, and secondary air and fuel lines. The air swirlernumber and the primary air to fuel rat io are kept constant for all running conditions and they are 0.87 and 50, respec tively.A three dimensional model was used to simulate the turbulent reacting flow using computational fluid dynamics package(Fluent 6.3). For validation, the comparison between the measured and calculated axial temperature distribution was madeand shows a good agreement. A remarkable effect of using the secondary air on temperature maps was found. For any valueof SPAR > 0.0, the flame became wider in diameter and longer in length. The flame length increased by about 58, 100 and125 % when the SPAR increased from 0 to 90% for the ports arrangement of 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 level groups, respectively
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
64
78
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50570_aa538f8869a5d01ac644fd6f7f1a7ea3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50570
Solid State-Based On-Load Tap-Changer Control
text
article
2013
eng
This paper develops a new scheme for accurate and fast response full electronic tap changer. The proposed tapchanger uses solid state relays (SSR) for each tap step. The proposed scheme is simulated using Proteus program for aprimary design process. Different voltage levels are tested to verify accuracy. The tap changer events could be used as ahistory in load forecasting studies for substations . A hardware prototype of the proposed OLTC is implemented in thiswork. Five SSRs operate as the switching taps for 0.5 KVA, 180/110V single phase transformer. The visual basicprogram is used to monitor and control the voltage regulation process througho ut a personal computer. The simulationsand experiments results ensure accuracy and high-speed of the new module ranging between 15 ms to 25 ms for eachstep change.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
79
84
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50571_e76be34f8bfdfaca98640219d2e5e316.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50571
Gait Recognition Using Temporal Template and Radon Transform
text
article
2013
eng
Gait recognition has been receiving growing interest within the computer vision community. In this paper, an automatic gait recognition system is proposed. It is based on obtaining a gait signature image from each gait silhouette sequence.This gait signature image represents the shape and the movement of a person from its gait cycle and is used asthe feature for identification. The dimension of the feature space is then reduced using Radon transform which is appliedto this gait signature image. Experimental results of the CASIA database show the efficiency of the proposed approach
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
85
89
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50572_d53646a24c40d09c382527187e7b5214.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50572
An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System for Classifying Sleep EEG
text
article
2013
eng
In the present paper, classification of sleep stages of EEG by using Adaptive Neuro -Fuzzy. Six sleep EEG records foreach of ten patients were selected from Cairo Canter of Sleep Disorder. Three methodologies of analysis were util izedfor feature extraction. These include: autoregressive modelling (AR), bispectral analysis, and discrete wavelet transform(DWT), where principle component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce feature dimensionality. The features derivedfrom the three methodologies of feature extraction were used as input feature vectors to the classifier. The classificationrates reached are 89.5%, 92% and 90.8% for the AR modelling, the bispectral analysis, and DWT, respectively. Toimprove the classification accuracy a data fusion at the matching score was utilized. The total classification accuracyreached 94.3%.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
90
95
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50574_894fd480eaf9b0798f11dc626321368e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50574
Jeddah CORS/ VRS: Design, Establishment, and Testing
text
article
2013
eng
Geodetic infrastructure traditionally consisted of physical (passive) geodetic marks in the ground and the associateddata, including coordinates and datum. Over the past two decades, there has been a move away from providing passivegeodetic marks to providing active control networks via Continuously Operating GNSS Reference Station (CORS)networks. Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) is one of the hot developments of GNSS at present. Itsappearance has brought profound change to the surveying and mapping industry, and many cities and regions all overthe world have built several CORS systems now. Jeddah Municipality (JM) established a Virtual Reference Stations(VRS) GPS network for different survey applications. JM provides the users with VRS service to enable them to reacha real time cm-accuracy of horizontal position with single GPS receiver. This paper introduces Jeddah CORS/VRSdesign, establishment as well as its assessment using static and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) methods. The resultsindicate that, Jeddah CORS/VRS complies with the design requirements and can provide centimetre level positioningservices.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
96
104
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50575_7a1ba85655dea4372c29b7cd1a0ba268.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50575
Performance of Lightweight Concrete Beams Strengthened With GFRP
text
article
2013
eng
This paper presents an investigation to improve the flexural behavior of reinforced lightweight concrete beams madeof light-weight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as 50% replacement (by volume) to the normal -weight aggregates andaddition of foaming agent as percentage of weight of cement. A series of 44 lightweight reinforced concrete(LWRC) beams of 700 mm length and a rectangular cross section of 100x100 mm were cast, strengthened and thentested under three-points bending test to study the effectiveness of using externally applied glass fiber-reinforcedpolymer (GFRP) composites as a method of increasing the flexural strength of under-reinforced LWRC beams. Thevariables considered for this study was four concrete mixes and the number of GFRP layers with and without sulfateattack. The behavior of the tested beams was analyzed in terms of mode of failure load , ultimate carrying load, ultimatedeflection, and toughness . Despite the experimental results illus trated that the beams strengthened with GFRP laminatesexhibited better performance. Also the results show that the use of GFRP as an external reinforcement to strengthen orrepair concrete structural members (pre-loaded) is more effective
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
105
117
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50580_e6a682d74bb1a4bb2b404f67ea6d906d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50580
GIS Applications for Road Network of Port Said, Egypt.
text
article
2013
eng
There is no doubt that one minute can save a human life. Emergency services such as ambulance, police, and FireBridge are among the most important applications of Geographic Information System, GIS. ArcGIS is considered apowerful tool that allows decision makers to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data at any roadproblem. Such a model for Port Said road network could be created to solve complex constraints , e.g., trafficcongestion, population, and road capacity. Such problems have become crucial for traveling on roadways. Integration ofGIS/GPS/GSM enabled Port Said emergency system to get the fastest path for drivers.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
118
128
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50583_96cbaf0803f19de9b8e3d735f311f984.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50583
Effect of Rice Straw Ash on the Behaviour of High Performance Concrete Mixes
text
article
2013
eng
This research aims to investigate the effect of rice straw ash on the behaviour of high performance concrete mixes.Using Rice Straw Ash will eliminate the environment pollution and provide a low cost construction material. RSA willbe used as an additive or as a replacement of a part of cement content. The effects of RSA on the properties of fresh andhardened concrete were investigated to produce high performance concrete. The study includes measuring theworkability of concrete by slump and slump flow tests. Also, it includes the properties of the hardened concrete such ascompressive, tensile, and flexural strength are measured.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
129
139
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50584_0007e4775084a7353329ebed0ad009a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50584
Reducing Settlement Using Piled Raft for Neighboring Foundations in Port-Said
text
article
2013
eng
The problems of building settlements in Port-Said area have been a great concern in recent years. Damages occur inbuildings due to urban development that requires high rise structures to accommodate these extensions. Raft has beenused for many new buildings in Port-Said. Soft to firm clay layers extends down to depths reaching 60 m under theground surface. This paper studies the effect of constructing new building beside an existing one. Piled raft has beenstudied as settlement reducer and thus to be used as a foundation system in the new building. The typical soilstratification and properties in Port-Said zone are considered in this study. Parametric study is carried out to examineinfluence of new piled raft variables on the existing building. It has proved that the use of piled raft reducesconsiderably settlement under the existing building.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
136
146
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50588_1df565674ec2e47f4e64cb7401528a9d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50588
Reducing Settlement Using Retaining Walls for Neighboring Foundations in Port-Said
text
article
2013
eng
The problems of settlement in Port-Said area have been a great concern in recent years. Damages occur in buildingsdue to urban development that requires constructing high rise buildings to accommodate the growing population. Raftfoundations have been used for new buildings in Port-Said. This is mainly due to the presence of soft clay layers, whichextends to depths that may reach 60m under the ground surface. This paper studies effect of constructing a new buildingbeside an existing one. Constructing of a retaining wall between the two buildings is studied as settlement reducer forthe existing one. Typical soil stratification and properties in Port-Said are considered in a numerical study to achievethis task. A parametric study is also carried out to examine influence of constructing such retaining wall, and study theeffect of its variables on the existing building. Results revealed that constructing a retaining wall between the existingbuilding and the new one reduces the settlement under the existing building. The study also presents guidelines anddiagrams for proposed properties of such retaining walls that may be used in Port-Said.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
147
155
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50591_d54cf995b015c08e6aabf4380710a5aa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50591
Stability of Steel Decks in Cable Stayed Bridges Having Delta Framing Towers
text
article
2013
eng
Steel decks in cable stayed Bridges with Delta Framing Towers are considered one of the most important types incable stayed bridge category (truss girders or box steel girders). In order to evaluate the potential of decreasinghorizontal drift in super-structure. Four suggested bracing systems were investigated in this paper geometry of „TataraBridge‟ deck and its steel towers will be used. The “Tatara Bridge” is one of the world‟s longest steel-concrete hybridcable stayed bridge. The side spans consist of steel and pre-stressed concrete precast concrete (PC) girders about 50mfrom anchored spans.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
156
171
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50594_d845957d7ae46ae954f02e458a40e4fd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50594
کفاءة استهلاک الطاقة کمدخل للتصميم المعمارى ووعى المجتمع
text
article
2013
eng
ان التغ رٌات المناخ ةٌ الکث رٌة فى العالم من حولنا خلال السنوات الأخ رٌة استدعت استخدام انظمه ذات تقن هٌ عال ةٌ کالتدفئة والتک فٌ فى المبانى, وإنمصادر الطاقة التى تحتاجها هذه الانظمه غال ةٌ وغ رٌ متجددة أى إنها سوف تنفذ فى وقت ما بخلاف تأث رٌها السلبى على الب ئٌه . مما ؤٌکد على الأهم ةٌالح وٌ ةٌ لوضع قض هٌ الطاقة فى أسس عمل هٌ التصم مٌٌ عن طر قٌ استخدام طرق تفک رٌ بد لٌه فى الحلول التصم مٌ ةٌ بان تٌم تک فٌ المبنى مع المناخ المح طٌبه مع استخدام الطاقة المتجددة بطر قٌه ذک هٌ والترک زٌ بشکل عملى على الوفر فى طاقه المبنى مع عدم الإخلال بشروط الراحة الحرار ةٌ وراحة مستخدمىالمکان.
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
1110-6603
17
v.
2
no.
2013
172
180
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50596_571620f67be3d9c264f10a5168050eb8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2013.50596