Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
WEAR AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF A GRAY CAST IRON SURFACE TREATMENT BY SULPHUR ADDITIONS IN THE MOULDING SAND
1
12
EN
Gamal
E.Y
Abouraya
Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, EGYPT.
Mohamed
M
Abdalla
Faculty of Engineering, Omar Almuhkttar University, Elbeida,
10.21608/pserj.2012.114378
The aim of this paper is to study the surface treatments of grey cast iron by sulphur additions into a face moulding sand on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the skin layer of casting. To evaluate the wear behavior a Pin-onDisk wear test machine was used. Pins which were prepared from the samples with the skin layer treatment by different sulphur additions of 0, 1, 2,4, 6, 8, 10 wt.% on the face moulding sand were worn on a steel counterface having a hardness of 63HRC under applied load of 80 N at a constant sliding velocity of 1200 rpm. Results showed that sulphur lead to white iron skin layer formation and the thickness of which is depended either on both sulphur content and casting wall thickness (cooling rate). An increase of casting thickness ranging from 10 up to 40 mm increased the thickness of white cast iron as well. These both factors mentioned above influenced the microstructure of white iron layer, which changed from hypoeutectic to hypereutectic in mode. The wear and hardness results indicate that the surface treatment grey cast iron exhibits superior wear properties and have high hardness to as cast gray cast iron under the similar conditions. Therefore, this hard layer caused by the formation of a microstructure martensite and cementite phases resulted in a better wear resistance in comparison to the as cast samples. Higher sulphur content result in greater pearlite and cementite (ledeburite) contents and hardness. Both sulfur and casting thicknesses increase the amount of ledeburite formed in skin layer casting throw the transformation range. For casting of thickness 40 mm and sulphur content 10 wt.%, was characterized with coarse lath of primary Fe3C precipitate in ledeburitic matrix. The grey iron casting surface treatment with 6% sulphur added into the face molding sand exhibits the best wear resistance, hardness and clear white iron microstructure in the skin layer.
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114378.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114378_ddd653fd9a014e988f471be5e65e9d68.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
Vibration Isolation of Asymmetric Rigid Plate Using One and Pair Pre-bent Strut at Each Corner under Static and Dynamic Axial Excitation
13
28
EN
Ali
Elkafrawy
Port-Said University Department of Production Engineering
dr_eng_aly@hotmail.com
Anwar
Kandil
Professor, Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
anwarkandil@hotmail.com
Moustafa
Helaly
Alexandria University Department of Production Engineering Faculty of Engineering
mohelaly@globalnet.com
Abu-Bakr
Omar
Teacher, Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
abubakr31869@yahoo.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.114379
This paper is concerned with the influence of vibration isolators in the form of post-buckled elastic clamped-clamped one and pair strut to relief the vibrating machines from the harmful effects of vibration. These vibrations are in most cases uncontrollable and lead to sudden failure, therefore, mechanical engineers in preventive maintenance sections have to control, isolate, and minimize the harmful effects of such unwanted vibrations. A mathematical model consists of pre-bent post-buckled one and pair strut acting as vibration isolators supporting an asymmetric rigid plate. The model is subject to axial harmonic excitation at the base, and allowed to displace laterally with respect to axial center line of the isolated plate. The displacement transmissibility is calculated over a wide range of frequencies and plotted in form of design charts. The transmissibility plots are used to recognize the ranges of frequencies, at which isolation can be maintained. The resonance frequencies of the system can be easily depicted from the design graphs. The present study reveals that at resonance frequencies the most effective transmissibility is well below unity. Vibration characteristics are determined under specific frequencies such that the physical behavior of the system can be thoroughly analyzed. All variables used in the analysis are normalized, such that the results aren‟t dependent on any material or geometric property. In this way, the obtained results can be applied over a wide range of elastic materials, regardless of the type of material or section properties.
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114379.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114379_73bd536a005e1c77db82b317084d7aeb.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
Vibration Isolation of A Symmetric Rigid Plate Using Pair Pre-bent Struts with Intermediate Bonded Filler at Each Corner under Static and Dynamic Axial Excitation
29
40
EN
Ali
Elkafrawy
Port-Said University Department of Production Engineering
dr_eng_aly@hotmail.com
Anwar
Kandil
Professor, Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
anwarkandil@hotmail.com
Moustafa
Helaly
Alexandria University Department of Production Engineering Faculty of Engineering
mohelaly@globalnet.com
Abu-Bakr
Omar
Teacher, Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
abubakr31869@yahoo.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.114380
The objective of this paper is to study the influence of vibration isolators in the form of post-buckled elastic struts. A mathematical model is introduced consisting of pre-bent post-buckled pairs strut with intermediate bonded filler acting as vibration isolators supporting a symmetric rigid plate. The model is subject to axial harmonic excitation at the base, and allowed to displace laterally with respect to axial center line of plate. The displacement transmissibility is the governing parameter of the isolator's effectiveness. The transmissibility is calculated over a wide range of frequencies and plotted in form of design charts. These plots showed the ranges of frequencies, at which isolation can be maintained. The system resonance frequencies can be easily depicted from design graphs. The present study reveals that at resonance frequencies the most effective transmissibility is well below unity. Vibration characteristics are determined under specific frequencies such that the physical behavior of the system can be thoroughly analyzed. All variables used are normalized, such that the results aren’t dependent on any material or geometric property, such as the modulus of elasticity of the material, section modulus of the used profile, or the length of the strut. In this way, the obtained results can be applied over a wide range of elastic materials, regardless of the type of material or section properties.
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114380.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114380_72840ba3109c37b80bd3a019e0c04cfe.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY DURING DRY SEASON IN JAZAN CITY SOUTHWEST OF SAUDI ARABIA
41
45
EN
Hala
M
Hassan
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, K.S.A (permanent address) Textile Technology Department, Industrial Education College, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
hala_mahfooz@yahoo.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.114381
This study assesses the quality of ground water from eight different wells in Jazan city southwest of Saudi Arabia. Ground water samples were selected during July 2010 (dry season). Water samples were carefully collected for physico–chemical characteristics. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl, SO4, F, NO3, NO2, SiO3, total hardness and turbidity had been analyzed using standard procedures. Selections of important cations which may be toxic in excess when present in drinking water were further discussed (Ca, Mg, Na and NH4). The chemical analysis of ground water samples show that not all samples comply with World Health Organization Standards (WHO) for the parameters measured. The bacterial parameters were analyzed for total count of bacteria, E. Coli bacteria and Fecal coliform. It was approved that no bacterial contamination present in the water samples. Results show that not all the water samples are safe for drinking purposes.
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114381.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_114381_dc91e232ea096a7efa82d4eb0a24fb70.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF HIGH SPEED RO-PAX ALUMINIUM CATAMARAN FERRIES BASED ON UPDATED STATISTICS
46
53
EN
ELsayed
H
Hegazy
*Professor of ship structural design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University
dr_elsayed_hegazy@yahoo.com
Mohamed
Kotb
*Professor, Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University.
kotb2000@yahoo.com
Ahmed
Naguib
*Lecturer, Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science & Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT). Alexandria, Egypt. (www.aast.edu).
anaguibamd@yahoo.com
Ahmed
Swidan
Lecturer, Marine Engineering Technology Department, Maritime College, AASTMT
a-swidan@hotmail.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.115628
The goal of a dimensional prediction model is to offer values that represent the potential full-scale vessel within acceptable tolerances. The paper presents relations among main design parameters of the high speed ro-pax aluminium catamaran ships. The presented relations are derived from the collected data of twenty five existing high speed ro-pax aluminium catamaran ships. The paper focused on identifying design trends and relations between basic ship particulars such as: pay load, ship’s overall length, waterline length, depth, beam, power output, and finally service speed. The proposed relations can be used for the preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions of the high speed ro-pax aluminium catamaran ships at the preliminary design stage or may be a basis for rational selection of the range of variation of main dimensions in high speed ro-pax aluminium catamaran ships series. Another goal of the paper is to update the data and hence the relations that can be used to quickly predict the main dimensions of High Speed RO-PAX Catamarans in preliminary (basic/pre-contract) design stage. For this purpose, the obtained results were compared to other statistical survey made by Fragiskos Zouradkis (2005). It was found that the statistical relations slightly differs from 2005 till 2011, while the only exception was the draft where, it’s noticed that recently high speed ro-pax aluminium catamaran have less draft. Finally, the obtained results were compared with previous formulae, and it was found that the obtained data are nearer to the real one. <br />Keywords
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115628.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115628_6e7e82e4a5f530aa28d7242ab1805c21.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSEL BASED ON UPDATED STATISTICS
54
60
EN
Mohamed
Walid
Ahmed
*Lecturer, Marine Engineering Technology Department, Faculty of Maritime Transport, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
mohamed_walid5@yahoo.com
Ahmed
Naguib
*Lecturer, Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science & Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT). Alexandria, Egypt. (www.aast.edu).
anaguibamd@yahoo.com
ELsayed
H
Hegazy
*Professor of ship structural design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University
dr_elsayed_hegazy@yahoo.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.115630
There are many formulae for estimating the principal dimensions of OSVs (offshore supply vessels) depending on previous data of existing ships. Some formulae are not suitable for modern design, because of the great development in ship engineering. Therefore, it was necessary to get new formulae to estimate the principal dimensions of OSVs. The aim of this paper is to introduce and update the data that can be used to quickly predict the main dimensions of OSVs in preliminary (basic/pre-contract) design stage. For this purpose, data from statistical survey of 80 existing modern OSVs have been reviewed and reintroduced in the form of charts and equations .Finally, it has to be noted that these charts and equations need to be updated from time to time to cope with the continuous developments in the industry of OSVs . The obtained results were compared with previous formulae, and it was found that the obtained results are closer to the existing unit particulars
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115630.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115630_6c24ba9dd0557bfe30fbe7b00ee8c67f.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
Structural design of double hull oil tankers for collision
61
67
EN
ELsayed
H
Hegazy
*Professor of ship structural design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University
dr_elsayed_hegazy@yahoo.com
Shiref
Farouk
Badran
Lecturer, Arab Academy For science, Technology and Maritime Transport, P.O. Box 1029, Miami, Alexandria, Egypt
sherif_badran@yahoo.com
Samy
Adly
Youssef
Instructor, Arab Academy For science, Technology and Maritime Transport, P.O. Box 1029, Miami, Alexandria,
samyoussef1982@hotmail.com
10.21608/pserj.2012.115642
This paper deals with the problem of double hull oil tankers loss due to the reduction of their longitudinal strength following a collision (and not due to lack of buoyancy or stability which is another problem). For this purpose the theoretical procedure which was developed by Hegazy to calculate the residual longitudinal strength of a struck ship after collision, is applied to double hull oil tanker to find out a relation between the extent of damage resulting from collision and the strength of the ship after collision. The residual strength of three double hull oil tankers is studied. The modulus of sections of these ships before and after damage were calculated and were compared with the minimum modulus of section required by the common structural rules. A new concept of structural safety for ship’s hull is introduced based on the residual strength of ships after collision.
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115642.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115642_bd723c2cd19d514c1b755774f30b615d.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
Towards a Bionic Architecture in the Context of Sustainability
181
189
EN
Naglaa
Ali
Megahed
0000-0001-5388-5066
Associate Professor in Architecture and urban planning Department,
naglaaali257@hotmail.com
Bionics is the complex interdisciplinary field in which biological systems and evolution are applied in solving engineering problems and developing modern technology. Bionic architecture is the organic integration of science, technology, art and nature. Architects everywhere have been trying to break away from traditional methods of designing buildings and now, they have discovered bionic architecture where building designs are inspired by nature.
The principal goal of bionic architecture is to provide the improvement of architectural quality and to deliver new perspectives towards innovation in architecture and design. Bionic architecture looked more alive and vibrant than architecture built based on other disciplines, it creates structures with unique designs in attempts to investigate new approaches to sustainable design that derive from the evolutionary development of living systems, from their material properties or from their adaptive response to changes in the environment.
The main purpose of this work is to outline and present a theoretical framework for understanding and reassessing bionic architecture methods, approaches and levels, in terms of overall sustainability which gives a picture of what the architecture of the future is going to look like.
Climatic Bionics,Construction Bionics,Formal Method,Metaphoric Method,Procedural Bionics,Structure Bionics,Sustainability
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151566.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151566_f421fa575a63221dab91fcde8ef39825.pdf
Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal
1110-6603
2536-9377
16
2
2012
09
01
“Safe Struck Ship”(3S):Software Package for Structural analysis of collision between ships
68
79
EN
El-Sayed
Hussein
Hegazy
Faculty of Engineering- Port-Said University- Port-Fouad
hegazy@aast.com
Sherif
Farouk
Badran
Arab Academy for Sciences and Technology
Samy
Adly
Youssef
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- Arab Academy of Sciences and Technology
samyoussef1982@hotmail.com
Each year, thousands of tons of crude oil and petroleum products are spilled in the seas as a result of collision between ships. So, as a part of the overall effort to promote maritime safety and environmental protection an integrated software package of collision analysis is developed and used to calculate mid-ship plastic neutral axis position, moment of inertia about the plastic neutral axis in addition to maximum and minimum ship sectional modulus for actual and smeared mid-ship section for the intact ship. The minimum required moment of inertia and section modulus as required by the common structural rules in damaged condition are also calculated. Moreover, the program calculates the working bending moment in both cases; hogging and sagging conditions either for actual mid-ship section or smeared mid-ship section. The critical penetration, damaged mid-ship plastic neutral axis position, damaged moment of inertia about the plastic neutral axis and critical maximum and minimum ship sectional modulii are calculated. Finally the program calculates a new proposed strength safety factor based on the residual strength of the ship after collision and which ensures adequate structural redundancy to survive in the event that the ship’s hull is accidently damaged. All the results will be appeared in a printable reports.
software,Collision,Maritime Safety,Critical Penetration,CSR,damage
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151604.html
https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151604_ea2fa26795521bd3538d04658d43c85b.pdf